| At present, there are four main principles of refrigeration: compression refrigeration, absorption refrigeration, thermoelectric refrigeration, and magnetic refrigeration. 1¡¢ Compression refrigeration Compression refrigeration is currently the most widely used refrigeration principle. The principle is to compress the refrigerant to become a high-pressure gas, then release heat through the condenser to become a high-pressure liquid, and then expand and reduce pressure through the expansion valve to become a low-pressure liquid. It enters the evaporator and absorbs external heat to evaporate into a low-pressure gas, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration. 2¡¢ Absorption refrigeration The absorption refrigeration machine utilizes the characteristics of energy absorption and release of solutions under temperature changes to complete the refrigeration process. It consists of an absorber, condenser, evaporator, regenerator, etc. The solution is composed of refrigerant and absorbent. The refrigerant is responsible for heat absorption and evaporation, achieving refrigeration effect in the evaporator. The absorbent is responsible for absorbing the vapor generated by the refrigerant, and then heating, dehydration and other methods are used to make it return to the absorber, completing the refrigeration cycle. 3¡¢ Thermoelectric refrigeration Thermoelectric refrigeration technology is a technique that produces a cooling effect by applying an electric field to the thermoelectric effect between two different materials. It has the advantages of small size, light weight, no need for mechanical movement, and reliable operation. The thermoelectric refrigeration machine is mainly composed of two materials: semiconductor P-type material and N-type material, and the contact between these two materials is called the thermoelectric connection. Future development: The development of thermoelectric refrigeration technology is constrained by materials science. At present, the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric materials is relatively small, and the refrigeration effect is not ideal. Therefore, more research and preparation work on thermoelectric materials is needed to improve their thermoelectric effect and refrigeration performance. In addition, the refrigeration efficiency of thermoelectric refrigerators is still relatively low, and the future development direction will focus on improving their refrigeration efficiency and stability to expand their application scope in aerospace, medical and other fields. 4¡¢ Magnetic refrigeration Magnetic refrigeration technology is a technique that utilizes the magnetocaloric effect to achieve refrigeration. Its basic principle is to regulate the magnetic thermal effect inside the material through a magnetic field, so as to achieve cooling effect. Magnetic refrigeration technology has the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, and is not easily affected by the environment, making it suitable for environments where refrigerants are difficult to obtain. |
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